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-[Mooshu meows]
-[fanfare playing]

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[chirping]

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♪ How, what, where, why? ♪

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♪ What, where, why?
How, what, where, why? ♪

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♪ What, where, why?
Ada Twist, scientist ♪

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♪ She's gonna find out
What the answer is ♪

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♪ Under here, over there ♪

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♪ Science is everywhere you look ♪

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♪ I'm Iggy Peck, architect ♪

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♪ And I'm Rosie Revere, engineer ♪

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♪ Technology, that's me, Benny B. ♪

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♪ A mystery, a riddle
A puzzle, or a quest ♪

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♪ There are wonders to discover
And hypotheses to test ♪

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♪ Science is the best
Ada Twist, scientist ♪

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♪ I'm gonna find out what the answer is ♪

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♪ Everywhere science is
She's forming a hypothesis ♪

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♪ Connecting polka dots
'Cause this is scientist, Ada Twist ♪

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[Ada speaking]

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[Ada] Know what we need?
A deep dive to learn more about science.

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Let's go!

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B.R.I., we wanna learn more about science,
but we can't decide what kind.

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[B.R.I.] Random selection,
my favorite way to search.

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Exploring my files for information on…

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all kinds of science.

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Oh! Look at all the fun science
I have found.

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Enjoy, Questioneers.

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[crowd laughing]

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Oh, hi. I'm Alie Ward.
I'm a science communicator.

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And today we'll talk about
the science of laughter.

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-[toy squeaks]
-Oh, hold on.

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[laughs] Wait, what?

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[chuckles]

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Do you know that you are born to laugh?

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If you've ever laughed,
it's not just all in the mind,

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it affects your whole body.

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What's controlling
all these physical actions?

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Well, it's your brain.

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When you laugh, a lot chemically is
happening in your brain,

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and those chemicals
affect your whole body.

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It's not enough
to just think something's funny.

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The actual act of laughter…

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[laughing]

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…of gasping… [gasps]

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…and smiling, even slapping your knee,
all releases endorphins.

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And that's a physical chemical process.
It doesn't happen if you're just going…

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[flatly] "That's funny."

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One of the best things
about laughter is that it's contagious.

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So, one person laughs…

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[imitates laughter]

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…before we know it,
someone else starts giggling.

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We have something in our brain,
those are called mirror neurons,

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and they see other people
experiencing emotion,

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and we start to feel the same emotion.
Why? It helps us bond.

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So, you start laughing in a group.
Boom! What's the result?

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Friendship, smiles, and more laughs.

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So, now that we've learned about laughter,
what is funny?

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Well, usually the unexpected.

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He wasn't expecting that.

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I was expecting this, though.

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[kids laughing]

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Fun fact!

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Did you know that even rats laugh?

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It's true. And it's so high-pitched
human ears can't detect it.

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Next time you see a rat,
it could be giggling.

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[both giggling]

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What's up? Maynard Okereke here,
also known as the Hip Hop M.D.

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I'm a civil engineer
and a science communicator,

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and today we'll learn
about the engineering and science

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behind building a tent.

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Tents give us an understanding

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about some cool engineering principles,

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but before we discuss those concepts,
we need to build this.

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What's probably the most important
structural element, our rods.

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These rods are important,
because they're strong and flexible.

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They'll hold your tent up. It won't break.

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We have two rods in the middle,
a rod on either side,

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this provides the framework of our tent,

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which we can now inhabit,
and be able to sleep comfortably inside.

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One thing you'll notice
about our tent structure

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is this unique dome shape.

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But why is it shaped like a dome?

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This shape gives it
the ability to be aerodynamic.

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When you're out
camping in windy conditions,

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the wind flies right over this,
gives it wind resistance.

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Also, when it rains,
all the water runs nicely to the sides,

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so you stay nice and dry
while you're camping.

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So many elements go into play

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when designing something
as simple as a tent.

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Fun fact.

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Instead of tents being constructed
out of materials like nylon or polyester,

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like they are today,

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some of the earliest tents ever built

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were made out of
the fur of woolly mammoths.

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Hello, I'm Kanten Russell,
skate park designer.

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We'll talk about designing a skate park.

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There's a lot of things
we're trying to think about

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to be very inclusive for everybody,
whether you're a beginner,

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intermediate-level
or advanced-level rider.

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So, looking at this layout,

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you can see that there is
an area here for beginners.

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We specifically had the most
low-elevated feature here at the entry.

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We call this a manual pad,
which is a low grindable ledge.

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And then as you go to the back here,

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you start to get
a little higher of these blocks.

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So, you can go on the bottom, on the top,

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you can jump down from the top to bottom.

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And then the simulated backyard pool.

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That's your more advanced-level
feature in the park.

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Everything has a tie-in to each other.

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We have engineering that goes into this
with all the elevations and the grading.

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And the structures
and the elements we're designing

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have to not only be skateable,

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but they also have to
be structurally sound.

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After we finish the design of the park,
we have to test it.

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Fun fact!

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In the 1970s when skateboarding started,

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people had to sneak into backyards
to skate empty swimming pools.

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Now that skate parks are more common,

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we have been able
to put real authentic pools

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right into the design.

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Hi. I'm Lieutenant Brian Cunningham.
I'm a pilot in the Navy.

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I'll be talking about parachutes

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and the kind we use here
at Naval Air Station North Island.

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Let's go look at one.

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This parachute is so big.

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It's taller than I am.

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This is the harness
that holds on to the pilot.

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Attached to the harness,
called the risers,

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that's these long string-looking chords
that go all the way up to the canopy.

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When you first jump out of the plane,
it feels like you're weightless.

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You're falling through air.

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But as the parachute opens,
all of that air fills the parachute

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and starts to slow you down,
you start feeling like you're floating,

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you're moving with the wind.

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You'll notice that
the parachute is different colors

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so that if we have to
bail out of the aircraft,

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each one of these colors
can create a camouflage for the pilot,

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whether they land in a forest environment,

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in a desert with lots of sand,
or in a cold area with a lot of snow.

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This fourth color is orange,
so that if we need to be rescued,

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we can use it as a signaling device.

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All of this is actually
going to be stuffed into this pack.

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How the parachute is packed
is incredibly important,

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so that when it does come out and deploy,

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it doesn't get twisted up or anything.

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Fun fact!

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The military sometimes will
have dogs attached to them

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as they jump out of the plane.

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They're called paradogs,

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and they're trained to be able to jump out
with a parachute like this one.

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Come on, pup. Let's go.

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Hey, who are you?
I've never seen you here before.

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My name's Elliot Gavin Keenan.

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I'm a PhD student at UCLA,
and I study psychology.

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Psychology is the science
of how people think and behave.

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And I'm autistic.

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Autism is a certain kind of thinking

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and a different kind of brain
that some people have.

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Today, I'm going to be talking about

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some of the benefits
of having different kinds of brains.

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Autistic people tend to see the world

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a bit differently than
people who are not autistic.

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Autistic people tend
to see the details first.

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For example, someone with autism

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might see and draw a house

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by drawing the windows
and the doors of the house

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before they draw the structure
of the house itself and the roof.

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But someone who is neurotypical

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is most likely to draw first
the structure of the house itself

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and the roof,
and then the doors and the windows.

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In the end, these houses look
pretty much the same.

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A lot of what I do as a scientist

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is I look for patterns,

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and the ability of some
autistic people to see details first

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makes them very good at seeing patterns.

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Some patterns are simple.

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This is a pattern
and we see three repetitions,

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but there are some patterns
that are more complicated.

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Now, can you tell what the pattern is?

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If you break it down
into its individual units,

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you can see that
blue and yellow together makes green.

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Red and yellow together makes orange.

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Having such
a detail-oriented processing style,

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autistic people are really good
in careers like computer programming,

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where the ability to see
a tiny detail makes a big difference.

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Fun fact!

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Your brain is
just as unique as your fingerprint.

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It's different from
everybody else's in the whole world.

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Hi, I'm Angela Sanchez and I'm a magician.

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And today I'll show you

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some magic that uses science.

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Come on, let's go.

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For this next trick, I need five dollars.
Anyone got five dollars?

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Five do-- Oh!

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Hey!

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I'll do something
very special to this five dollars.

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I'm going to light it on fire.

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Why doesn't the bill burn?

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The science, really,
behind this trick is chemistry.

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We covered this bill in alcohol and water.

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Alcohol is very flammable,
it catches on fire very easily.

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So, while the alcohol s burning,

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the water is actually
protecting your money.

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This is why
science is so important to magic.

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If I didn't know
the right ratio of water to alcohol,

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well, I wouldn't have five bucks.

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Whether you're lighting stuff on fire

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or even making something change colors,

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there's a lot of
different effects that rely on science.

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Science helps you unlock
a bigger world of magic

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and also become a better magician.

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Fun fact!
There's an Olympics for magicians.

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Every three years,
the World Magic Championships takes place,

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and it's where magicians
show off their best tricks.

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Hi, I'm Lasheeda Perry,
and I am a pastry chef.

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Today, we are going to learn
how temperatures affect your ice cream.

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Making ice cream is all about temperature.

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Our cream and milk,
that serves as the liquid for our recipe.

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We have our base,

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but it will not become ice cream
until we pour it into this machine,

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which freezes it.

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So, I'm going to
go ahead and grab the bowl.

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It's very important
that this bowl is very, very, very cold,

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because that's the only way this ice cream
is going to become ice cream.

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I can see the ice cream is churning.

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It's not ready yet.

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I'll lift it up so you can see
the consistency of it right now.

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See how it is getting thicker?
It's very similar to snow.

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Snow is essentially a liquid, right?
It-- It's water.

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And when it's in very,
very cold temperatures,

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it creates ice crystals,

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and those ice crystals'll
form and compact to each other.

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It's the same thing
when you're making ice cream,

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you are freezing ice crystals.

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Look at that.

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We made ice cream!

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Eventually, anything
that's frozen will melt,

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because if it's supposed to be frozen,
it needs to be at a certain temperature.

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But when you take it
out of that cold environment,

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it's going to melt.

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Fun fact!

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One of the first forms of ice cream
was actually taking a flavored syrup

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and pouring it over fresh snow.

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00:13:41,695 --> 00:13:43,695
Snow that tastes good.

245
00:13:45,950 --> 00:13:47,370
Hi. I'm Christine.

246
00:13:47,451 --> 00:13:48,951
I'm a science teacher,

247
00:13:49,036 --> 00:13:51,576
and today we'll talk
about weather balloons

248
00:13:51,664 --> 00:13:55,044
and [yelling] weather.

249
00:13:55,125 --> 00:13:56,995
-[record scratches]
-Is it snowing?

250
00:13:59,213 --> 00:14:04,433
This is our weather balloon, and this is
a really, really, really big balloon.

251
00:14:04,510 --> 00:14:07,050
Weather balloons
go way up in the atmosphere.

252
00:14:07,137 --> 00:14:09,967
It actually goes up
higher than an airplane does.

253
00:14:10,057 --> 00:14:11,597
The balloon tells scientists

254
00:14:11,684 --> 00:14:14,404
what the conditions
of Earth's atmosphere are.

255
00:14:14,478 --> 00:14:17,108
It's important to know
if big storms are coming.

256
00:14:17,189 --> 00:14:19,189
This right here is a payload box,

257
00:14:19,275 --> 00:14:21,065
and it includes some materials

258
00:14:21,151 --> 00:14:22,901
that go up on a weather balloon.

259
00:14:22,987 --> 00:14:27,657
These sensors right here are
going to tell me about the wind,

260
00:14:27,741 --> 00:14:29,831
the temperature, and the pressure.

261
00:14:30,578 --> 00:14:33,538
But since this is going up
so high in the atmosphere,

262
00:14:33,622 --> 00:14:35,252
planes need to see it,

263
00:14:35,332 --> 00:14:38,752
so it's reflective
so that they know what it is.

264
00:14:39,503 --> 00:14:41,213
Now, we'll get ready to launch.

265
00:14:43,173 --> 00:14:47,683
We're going to release in three, two, one…

266
00:14:52,933 --> 00:14:55,903
So, by launching these balloons,
we can understand

267
00:14:55,978 --> 00:14:58,308
and know a whole lot more about storms.

268
00:14:58,397 --> 00:15:02,227
And that can make some
of the things that we don't know about,

269
00:15:02,318 --> 00:15:03,778
that maybe we're scared about,

270
00:15:03,861 --> 00:15:05,991
it can make those things less scary.

271
00:15:06,071 --> 00:15:07,701
Fun fact!

272
00:15:08,198 --> 00:15:09,908
Every day in the United States,

273
00:15:09,992 --> 00:15:12,752
almost 100 weather balloons
are launched twice a day,

274
00:15:12,828 --> 00:15:14,038
morning and afternoon.

275
00:15:18,292 --> 00:15:22,092
Hey, my name is Rory Aronson
and I'm a robotics engineer.

276
00:15:22,171 --> 00:15:25,761
Today we'll learn how robots work,
kind of like this one.

277
00:15:28,886 --> 00:15:32,346
This is where we design
and build all of the farming robots.

278
00:15:32,431 --> 00:15:35,771
The robot that I created
takes care of plants for you.

279
00:15:36,894 --> 00:15:39,444
Here we have some of our test robots.

280
00:15:40,731 --> 00:15:42,901
Here we have all of our spare parts

281
00:15:42,983 --> 00:15:44,403
in case anything breaks.

282
00:15:44,485 --> 00:15:46,235
We even have stickers.

283
00:15:47,529 --> 00:15:50,449
The first thing we do
when we're designing robots

284
00:15:50,532 --> 00:15:54,082
is we go into our computer system
and we design the parts.

285
00:15:54,161 --> 00:15:56,751
Once we come up
with a design we're happy with,

286
00:15:56,830 --> 00:15:58,540
we go and we build prototypes

287
00:15:58,624 --> 00:16:01,094
and we see how well this works.

288
00:16:01,669 --> 00:16:05,839
This right here, this is
the very first farm bot that I built.

289
00:16:05,923 --> 00:16:10,013
You can see that it's rusty now
because I used the wrong materials.

290
00:16:10,094 --> 00:16:11,724
But I learned from that mistake,

291
00:16:11,804 --> 00:16:15,434
and now the new farm bots are
made from aluminum and they don't rust.

292
00:16:15,516 --> 00:16:18,726
So, this is version one of the farm bot.

293
00:16:18,811 --> 00:16:21,771
We had to do
version one, two, three, four,

294
00:16:21,855 --> 00:16:23,265
all the way up to 15

295
00:16:24,024 --> 00:16:27,194
to get to this one,
which does all sorts of things.

296
00:16:27,277 --> 00:16:29,487
Whenever you want to control a robot,

297
00:16:29,571 --> 00:16:32,031
you need to tell it
exactly what you want to do

298
00:16:32,116 --> 00:16:34,026
through sequences and code.

299
00:16:34,118 --> 00:16:37,118
Pretty much every robot
that you'll ever come across

300
00:16:37,204 --> 00:16:39,504
will have something like this inside.

301
00:16:39,581 --> 00:16:41,751
And it controls with electricity,

302
00:16:41,834 --> 00:16:43,844
the motors and the lights

303
00:16:43,919 --> 00:16:46,629
and all of the other functions
that the machine can do.

304
00:16:48,048 --> 00:16:49,218
Fun fact!

305
00:16:49,299 --> 00:16:51,839
There are robot parts all over your house.

306
00:16:51,927 --> 00:16:55,007
For example, the microwave,
refrigerator and washing machine

307
00:16:55,097 --> 00:16:59,227
all have motors, electronics,
sensors, just like a robot.

308
00:17:07,693 --> 00:17:09,903
Hi, I'm Brett Doar
and I'm a contraptionist,

309
00:17:09,987 --> 00:17:14,067
and that means I build
machines kind of like this.

310
00:17:14,158 --> 00:17:16,118
We'll talk about friction.

311
00:17:17,745 --> 00:17:22,285
So, low friction means that this can
move a lot easier across this,

312
00:17:22,374 --> 00:17:27,054
and high friction means
that it's a lot harder for it to slide.

313
00:17:27,838 --> 00:17:29,918
So, you can see what happens…

314
00:17:31,759 --> 00:17:35,889
And it's friction that's causing this
to stop and for this to tip over.

315
00:17:35,971 --> 00:17:38,851
So, the ball can
start the contraption, like so.

316
00:17:44,313 --> 00:17:47,273
Building these machines is
all about trial and error.

317
00:17:47,357 --> 00:17:49,937
I have to make sure
each individual part works

318
00:17:50,027 --> 00:17:53,697
so that once you put them together,
they'll all work together.

319
00:17:54,323 --> 00:17:56,783
The first step in making
one of these machines

320
00:17:56,867 --> 00:17:59,697
is that I just start
playing with materials.

321
00:17:59,787 --> 00:18:01,287
That's always exciting,

322
00:18:01,371 --> 00:18:04,371
it's always thrilling to solve a problem.

323
00:18:04,458 --> 00:18:07,918
And to know that there is a solution.

324
00:18:13,550 --> 00:18:15,640
I got glitter all over me.

325
00:18:18,180 --> 00:18:19,810
And remember, safety first!

326
00:18:21,100 --> 00:18:22,810
Fun fact!

327
00:18:22,893 --> 00:18:27,313
When you rub your hands together,
it generates heat because of friction.

328
00:18:27,397 --> 00:18:30,277
So, the next time it's cold weather
and your hands get cold,

329
00:18:30,359 --> 00:18:33,279
you can warm them up with friction.

330
00:18:35,864 --> 00:18:36,704
Ooh, it's hot!

331
00:18:44,373 --> 00:18:46,173
Hi, I'm Gabriel Santos.

332
00:18:46,250 --> 00:18:49,920
I'm a paleontologist and today,
we'll learn about fossils.

333
00:18:50,003 --> 00:18:52,013
[animals roaring]

334
00:18:53,132 --> 00:18:57,512
So, when we say fossil,
fossil means evidence of past life,

335
00:18:57,594 --> 00:18:59,764
so they can be multiple things.

336
00:18:59,847 --> 00:19:04,137
Usually we think of bones,
but other things can make up fossils too.

337
00:19:04,226 --> 00:19:06,306
You can have footprints, shells.

338
00:19:06,395 --> 00:19:09,435
You can even have
fossilized poop that we call coprolites.

339
00:19:11,191 --> 00:19:14,031
If you look at the fossil,
this is the bone right here

340
00:19:14,111 --> 00:19:16,491
and this gray stuff
is what we call "matrix."

341
00:19:16,572 --> 00:19:20,332
Matrix is the rock that
surrounds all of the fossil.

342
00:19:20,409 --> 00:19:23,199
Our preparators,
which are special paleontologists,

343
00:19:23,287 --> 00:19:27,167
get them all nice and pretty
and ready for research and display.

344
00:19:27,249 --> 00:19:29,539
Preparators use
a lot of specialized tools.

345
00:19:29,626 --> 00:19:34,716
So, here we use things called air scribes.
Air scribes are mini jackhammers.

346
00:19:34,798 --> 00:19:38,508
So, here's the tip
and air goes through this part here

347
00:19:38,594 --> 00:19:40,224
and vibrates it up and down

348
00:19:40,304 --> 00:19:43,104
so that it'll
remove the matrix from the fossil.

349
00:19:43,765 --> 00:19:46,515
For some fossils
where the matrix is very hard,

350
00:19:46,602 --> 00:19:51,362
it can take months to even years
to fully prepare a fossil by researchers.

351
00:19:53,609 --> 00:19:55,029
Fun fact!

352
00:19:55,986 --> 00:19:57,816
This is the wing of Quetzalcoatlus,

353
00:19:57,905 --> 00:20:00,445
the largest flying animal
to have ever existed.

354
00:20:00,532 --> 00:20:02,452
When you put its two wings together,

355
00:20:02,534 --> 00:20:04,414
it's about the size of a jet plane.

356
00:20:04,494 --> 00:20:07,294
And when it stood up,
it was the height of a giraffe.

357
00:20:16,131 --> 00:20:19,341
Hi, I'm Lieutenant Brian Cunningham,
call sign "Waldo."

358
00:20:19,426 --> 00:20:21,046
A call sign is like a nickname.

359
00:20:21,136 --> 00:20:24,386
And I'm a naval aviator,
which means I'm a pilot in the Navy.

360
00:20:24,473 --> 00:20:28,023
Though I don't fly this very often,
I do fly the real thing.

361
00:20:28,101 --> 00:20:29,021
Let me show you!

362
00:20:30,354 --> 00:20:32,404
This is the helicopter that I fly.

363
00:20:32,481 --> 00:20:35,691
This is the MH60 Sierra,
also known as the Seahawk.

364
00:20:36,568 --> 00:20:40,448
And in here… is the cabin of the aircraft.

365
00:20:40,530 --> 00:20:44,160
We can carry passengers,
food and water and supplies.

366
00:20:44,243 --> 00:20:46,123
Make this anything we need it to be.

367
00:20:46,203 --> 00:20:47,873
These are called rotors.

368
00:20:47,955 --> 00:20:51,115
The main rotor allows us
to adjust our pitch,

369
00:20:51,208 --> 00:20:53,498
which allows us to go up and down,

370
00:20:53,585 --> 00:20:56,375
as well as our roll,
which allows us to go left and right.

371
00:20:56,463 --> 00:20:59,473
All the way back here is our tail rotor.

372
00:20:59,549 --> 00:21:00,929
Without the tail rotor,

373
00:21:01,009 --> 00:21:04,469
our helicopter would
just continue to spin in a circle.

374
00:21:05,138 --> 00:21:07,598
So, right here up front is the cockpit.

375
00:21:07,683 --> 00:21:10,483
This is where the pilots
sit and steer the helicopter.

376
00:21:10,560 --> 00:21:12,350
When I started flying helicopters,

377
00:21:12,437 --> 00:21:16,017
it took me a long time
to get used to all these buttons.

378
00:21:16,108 --> 00:21:19,278
But, just like anything,
the more you practice,

379
00:21:19,361 --> 00:21:22,281
the easier it is to find
the button you're looking for.

380
00:21:22,364 --> 00:21:24,784
And up here,
it even has a windshield wiper.

381
00:21:26,618 --> 00:21:29,658
So, if you noticed,
there's no place to put a key,

382
00:21:29,746 --> 00:21:33,036
like when you're driving in a car.
How do you start this?

383
00:21:33,125 --> 00:21:36,165
Well, you can't just hop in,
push a button and get started.

384
00:21:36,253 --> 00:21:38,013
It's an entire checklist.

385
00:21:38,088 --> 00:21:41,838
We're checking systems
to make sure that they function properly,

386
00:21:41,925 --> 00:21:44,385
checking lights
to make sure that they turn on.

387
00:21:45,220 --> 00:21:46,760
We're ready to go fly!

388
00:21:47,681 --> 00:21:48,851
Fun fact!

389
00:21:48,932 --> 00:21:53,062
A helicopter like this one
can fly in any direction.

390
00:21:53,145 --> 00:21:55,605
If it wants to fly forward,
it can fly forward.

391
00:21:55,689 --> 00:21:58,279
Side to side,
or it can even fly backwards.

392
00:21:58,358 --> 00:22:01,948
If a plane were flying this way
and wanted to go back that way,

393
00:22:02,029 --> 00:22:05,369
it has to actually make
the entire turn the other way.

394
00:22:05,449 --> 00:22:07,529
That's why helicopters are better.

395
00:22:08,118 --> 00:22:11,578
[Ada] That was incredible!
I love science! Thanks, B.R.I.!

396
00:22:11,663 --> 00:22:15,463
[B.R.I.] You're welcome, Questioneers.
I learned a lot too.

397
00:22:15,542 --> 00:22:16,502
Bye-bye.

398
00:22:18,503 --> 00:22:20,513
[instrumental theme song playing]

399
00:22:20,563 --> 00:22:25,113
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